Whether you start with a primary or secondary source is inconsequential, you need both

Should you begin with a primary document or author or read the critical secondary literature first?

Might not be a useful question to ask because:

1. depends entirely on knowledge level
2. you're going to need to read both in the end

If you need to make a decision:

1. start with the critical sources for a brief survey of the landscape
2. return and read the primary texts
3. read the secondary sources again with a better context for what they're criticizing
4. read the author once more with a full critical understanding.

Alternatively, you should just follow your own instinct and interests provided that you keep good notes that are well-linked.

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(104){ How to Write a Thesis Eco, Umberto. How to Write a Thesis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1977.